Nyerere s policy of education for selfreliance contains specific recommendations, which are advocated on the basis of historical, social, political, philosophical and economic considerations of a society hinzen and hundsdorfer, 1982. Salma maoulidi unpacks nyerere s legacy in the realm of racial and religious tolerance. It is true that this disparity is acknowledged in some of the literature of african socialism. Oluwaseun tella is a senior researcher at the institute for pan african thought and conversation iptac. Therefore, only the elements of nyerere s thought which speak directly about this have been included. The death of julius nyerere, african independence leader and longtime dicta. Racial and religious tolerance in nyereres political thought. Julius nyerere even offered in 1960 to delay the imminent independence of tanganyika due in 1961 in order for all of the east african territories to achieve independence together. Julius kambarage, 19221999political and social views. Julius nyerere was among the most articulate, intense and militant of the first generation of african nationalists.
African sage philosophy is the name now commonly given to the body of thought produced by persons considered wise in african communities, and more specifically refers to those who seek a rational foundation for ideas and concepts used to describe and view the world by critically examining the justification of those ideas and concepts. Ujamaa, the swahili word for extended family, was a social and economic policy developed and implemented in tanzania by president julius kambarage nyerere 19221999 between 1964 and 1985. Nkrumah, kwame, 19091972 political and social views. Julius nyerere was the first prime minister of independent tanganyika 1961 and later became the first president of the new state of tanzania 1964. Julius nyerere by paul bjerk in a short and precise volume, paul bjerk succeeds in debating the legacy of nyerere in six short chapters. Nyerere the following is reprinted by permission from ujamaa essays on socialism oxford university press, 1973, usa reprint, ed 1962 by julius k. He holds a doctorate in political science from the university of kwazulunatal in south africa, and was a postdoctoral fellow at the university of south africa unisa in.
Global south studies nyerere, julius gideon, derek julius kambarage nyerere 19221999 was tanganyikaslater tanzaniacharismatic president from 1961 to 1985, a major theorist of african socialism, and a panafricanist supporter of african liberation struggles throughout the african continent. Julius nyerere 19221999, an african philosopher, reenvisions teacher education to escape colonialism thenjiwe major and thalia m. Julius kambarage nyerere was born on april 1922 in mwitongo, an area of the village of butiama in tanganyikas mara region. He was a major force behind the modern pan african movement and one of the founders in 1963 of the organization of african unity now the african. L et me start this article on the political thought of mwalimu julius nyerere in a manner most unoriginal by pointing a finger at the academic community in africa at large. African socialism, as envisaged by nyerere, is rooted in the belief that the contemporary political, economic, and cultural development of. Julius nyerere in the quest for social and economic development in africa bonny ibhawoh and j. Understanding julius nyereres ujamaa as a philosophy of. Julius nyerere 1922 1999, an african philosopher, re.
Nyerere s ruling party rapidly established a monopoly in the political realm and fortified this position by subsuming most associational life under the singleparty state. Usually translated as familyhood, it was a form of african socialism that blended broadly conceived socialist principles with a distinctly communitarian understanding of african societies, and a strong commitment to egalitarian societies. Julius kambarage nyerere was the president of the united re public of tanzania. Shivji writes of mwalimu julius nyerere s conceptions of nationalism in africa, ideas which encompassed both the political through liberatory principles and the universal through transcending narrow identities. Julius kambarage nyerere april 1922 14 october 1999 was a tanzanian politician who served as the first president of tanzania and previously tanganyika, from the countrys founding in 1961 until his retirement in 1985. Julius nyerere, african socialist i have turned black world over to kevin anderson this month for the following in memoriam to former tanzanian president julius nyerere who died in october. With a respectable title of mwalimu which means teacher in swahili he was one of the founding fathers of the organisation for african.
African sage philosophy stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Known as mwalimu or teacher he had a vision of education and social action that was rich with possibility. Julius kambarage nyerere, the founding father of tanzania, is one of the pioneers of african nationalism and panafricanism. A study in the dynamics of african political thought. Julius nyerere strongly believes that the major purpose of education is liberation of the people and the nation. He was an innovator who crafted his own form of ideology in african. Julius nyerere, ujamaa, and political morality in contemporary tanzania. It calls upon african educationists to rethink and revisit nyereres ideals with a view to charting appropriate education for the continent. Mwalimu julius kambarage nyereres philosophy, contribution. Afri african culture african leaders african nationalism african political systems african political thought african socialism african societies african unity african values ahmed ben bella ahmed sekou toure algeria amilcar cabral arab became bella black consciousness burkina faso burkinabe busia century chapter cheikh anta diop claude ake. He frequently argued that his social and political ideas were based on traditional african values. Perspectives from arusha to obama is a histo riography that examines the physical and discursive spaces within tanzanias politics of social transformation. Nyerere from tanzania is examined for its african and european sources. Focusing on individual political thinkers and beginning with indigenous african political thought, the book successively examines african nationalism, african socialism, populism and marxism, africanism and panafricanism, concluding with contemporary perspectives on democracy, development and the african state.
In a socialist society it is the socialist attitude. It is so because there are events that happened in the african past which have been seen to be largely responsible for the present. The political and social thought of kwame nkrumah by ama biney. Racial and religious tolerance in nyereres political. This paper addresses the philosophy of selfreliance as advocated by julius nyerere 1922 1999 when he became president of tanzania in 1962. By far, the greatest and startling religious news of this century from east africa has been the unravelling of the complicated process towards canonization and possible papal declaration of julius nyerere, a catholic saint. Based on the idea of collective farming and the villagization of the countryside, ujamaa also called for the nationalization of banks and industry and. The first fifty years after 1880 had seen a great scramble by the european colonial powers for territory in africa. Before the introduction of the western system of education into africa. Whether under capitalism or socialism, under monopartism or multipartism, the state is a coercive instrument. A critical reflection on julius nyerere s political thought. Nyerere s approach devastated much of postcolonial africa forbes, 1999.
Ten most notable quotes from julius mwalimu nyerere. A, julius nyerere, the african and democracy, in james duffy and. Mwalimu julius kambarage nyerere s philosophy, contribution, and legacies. Nyerere, nationalism and panafricanism pambazuka news. Mwalimu julius kambarage nyereres philosophy, contribution, and. Influence of nyerere on african political thought synonym. Julius kambarage nyerere served as the first president of tanzania from the countrys founding in 1961 until his retirement in 1985.
African socialism in nkrumah and nyerere by deji adesoye introduction frican historical experience is interesting. I think one of the first things one should beware of, in thinking of democracy, is the. This article discusses nyerere s african socialism ujamaa, philosophy of education for total liberation of society, and philosophy of panafricanism. Elaborating on the relationship between so cialcultural, structural change and political economy, we explored the continuous. Part 1 provides an overview of the man and his thought. One of africas most respected figures, julius nyerere 1922 1999 was a politician of principle and intelligence. Introduction one of the more compelling movements of the second half of the twentieth century was the rise of the african independence movements. The understanding of their concept of african socialism is enhanced by looking critically at the individual african socialist leaders and their ideas and perception of african socialism. Nyerere lays out the basis for his theory of african socialism, which differs from european socialism in several important ways, but most importantly in that nyerere s work locates communal living. Issa shivji traces the development of a panafricanist philosopherking and his struggle to live a more principled politics. Feb 26, 2020 julius nyerere was the first prime minister of independent tanganyika 1961 and later became the first president of the new state of tanzania 1964. The implications of nyereres theory of education to.
As a socialist, this is an amazingly thought provoking book for me. Project muse julius nyerere, ujamaa, and political morality. Nyerere accepts the challenge was the headline in the tanganyika standard, the daily newspaper in may 1958, that announced the acquiescence of tanu which was nyerere s political party, thetanganyika african national union to participate in the elections. Nyereres philosophy of adult education and adult learning is considered very progressive.
Pdf julius nyerere 1922 1999, an african philosopher. In the early 1960s, around the time kenya, tanganyika, uganda and zanzibar were gaining independence from the united kingdom, the political leaders of the four nations had become interested in forming a federation. An introduction to african politics, this course will provide for its participants a general survey of the main issues regarding politics in the continent. He was a major force behind the modern pan african movement and one of the founders in 1963 of the organization of african unity now the african union. Annar cassam is a former personal assistant of president julius nyerere. The political thought of julius nyerere cranford pratt 20 nyerere and the commonwealth sir shridath ramphal 24 the panafricanist colin legum 27 a world leader george ivansmith 32 mwalimu nyerere bob thompson 36 university visitor extraordinary reg honeybone 40 contents. Julius kambarage nyerere 1922 yusuf kassam1 julius nyerere, the former and founding president of the united republic of tanzania, is known not only as one of the worlds most respected statesmen and an articulate spokes man of african liberation and african dignity but also as an educator and an original and creative educational thinker. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. African political thought of the twentieth century. In one respect, however, tanzanian political practice did take a page out of the book of most governments who governed in the name of socialism.
Horace campbell is professor of political science and african american studies at syracuse university, new york. One of africa s most respected figures, julius nyerere 1922 1999 was a politician of principle and intelligence. Pdf on sep 22, 2009, thenjiwe major and others published julius nyerere 1922 1999, an african philosopher, reenvisions teacher education to escape colonialism find, read and cite all. He believed that the africans should decolonize their mind in order to accept themselves as africans. Pdf julius nyerere, ujamaa, and political morality in. For nyerere, the socialist model was a way to put modern technology in the service of his peoples welfare. Nyereres policy of education for selfreliance contains specific recommendations, which are advocated on the basis of historical, social, political, philosophical and economic considerations of a society hinzen and hundsdorfer, 1982. He was not only the principal actor in the struggle for tanganyikas independence but he was also at the forefront of the liberation of central and southern africa. Project muse julius nyerere, ujamaa, and political. The idea of ujamaa emerged from the writing and speeches of tanzanias first president, julius k nyerere, from the late 1950s and into the 1960s.
Nyerere was highly critical of the social, political, economic and cultural value system imposed on his country during the period of colonization, and he worked relentlessly to go back to the traditional african values. Based on the idea of collective farming and the villagization of the countryside, ujamaa also called for the nationalization of banks and industry and an increased level of selfreliance at both an. Julius kambarage nyerere march 1922 october 14, 1999 was one of africa s leading independence heroes and leading light behind the creation of the organization of african unity. Pdf julius nyerere 19221999, an african philosopher. It explores the ideals and core values of julius nyerere, his stance on religion church and its place in tanzania, his overall impact and. The political and social thought of kwame nkrumah ama biney dd iii 2811 7. The persisting traces of nyerere and ujamaa are not so evident in actual political practices or economic policies, but rather in collective debates about politics and moralityin short, in. It is at edinburgh university where nyerere julius nyerere 19221999, an african philosopher. It was a century in which western actions towards africa were met with an african reply, and viceversa. The philosophy and politics of development in africa. Tanzania journal of development studies african journals online. Both the political and religious worlds have joined ranks to make sure that the. May 23, 2019 julius kambarage nyerere march 1922 october 14, 1999 was one of africas leading independence heroes and leading light behind the creation of the organization of african unity.
Apr 01, 2014 the persisting traces of nyerere and ujamaa are not so evident in actual political practices or economic policies, but rather in collective debates about politics and moralityin short, in contemporary imaginaries of the nation. He was the first tanzanian to study at a british university and only the second to gain a university degree outside africa. Julius nyerere was the founding father of tanganyika and later on tanzania. Nyerere was highly critical of the social, political, economic and cultural value system imposed on his country during the period of colonization, and he worked relentlessly to go back to the. Julius nyerere is famous for his stance on african nationalism and african socialism, with an unwavering spirit that led him to promote a political philosophy called ujamaa.
The article argues that by actively using traditional african values and principles of communalism, collective production, egalitarian distribution, and universal obligation to work, nyerere s philosophy of african socialism provided the. He obtained his masters of arts degree in economics and history in 1952. Julius kambarage nyerere, or simply mwalimu, stands out as a relentless. Therefore, only the elements of nyereres thought which speak directly about this have been included. The book deals with the highs and lows of nyerere s illustrious political career and balances this in a manner befitting a great african statesman, says nicodemus minde. Using the critical tools of cultural anthropology, the social and political thought of julius k. On the other hand, education has been defined as the process of constant reconstruction of experience, rather than transmission of past values, in order to make it more meaningful and capable of solving present problems.
The structural limitations of african socialism robert fatton 1 studies in comparative international development volume. Ujamaa oxford research encyclopedia of african history. Biography of julius kambarage nyerere, tanzanian leader. He was one of 25 surviving children of nyerere burito, the chief of the zanaki people. Focusing on individual political thinkers and beginning with indigenous african political thought, the book successively examines african nationalism, african socialism, populism and marxism, africanism and panafricanism, concluding with contemporary perspectives on democracy, development and the african. Salma maoulidi unpacks nyereres legacy in the realm of racial and religious tolerance. Chambi chachage is an independent researcher, newspaper columnist and policy analyst based in dar es salaam, tanzania. Ideologically an african nationalist and african socialist, he promoted a political philosophy known as ujamaa. Julius nyerere 19221999, an african philosopher, re. African political philosophy is a less explored field of study in comparison to research areas such a metaphysics, anthropology, theology, sociology and economics taiwo 2004, 243. He governed tanganyika as prime minister from 1961 to 1962 and then as president from 1963 to 1964, after which he led its successor state, tanzania, as president from 1964 to 1985.
Julius kambarage nyerere international bureau of education. Mwalimu julius kambarage nyerere, the philosopherstatesman, was a man of great vision and strong belief in the role of the leading party in the relations between the people and the state. A critical reflection on julius nyereres political thought. For instance julius nyerere, the then tanzanian president claimed that as prayer. Dibua the death of julius nyerere, african independence leader and longtime dictator of tanzania, evoked a flood of encomiums worldwide. As nyerere became more exposed to politics and other races, she observes, he attained the sophistication of tolerating mutual coexistence where acknowledging the humanity of others in lieu of settling scores informed a more encompassing political strategy. This article discusses nyereres african socialism ujamaa, philosophy of. He was the architect of ujamaa, an african socialist philosophy which revolutionized tanzanias agricultural system. The political thought of julius nyerere cranford pratt october 1, 1985 at 12. Julius nyerere s socialist experiment in tanzania challenged the prominent stereotypes of extravagance and corruption embodied by africa s ruling elite.
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